Contemporary Conflicts in Africa: Roots, Challenges, and Peacebuilding

Abstract:
 The African continent is characterized by its human and material wealth, but it is also distinguished by its abundant wars and armed conflicts, which has led some to label it the continent of unmuted bullet sounds. Many variables are behind the proliferation of conflicts and wars, including historical and political, internal and external, religious and ethnic ones, plus the effects of its natural resources and climate change. In addition, approaches to building or maintaining peace are blurred or inconsistent, as a result of the regional and global rivalry, with the lack of professionalism of military personnel and civilian experts. The lack of resources adds to its problems and complicated the situation, especially since political solutions have become difficult to reach, due to a large number of interventionists, the changing nature of armed conflicts and their actors, and the difficulty of applying the principle of African solutions to African problems.