Britain›s policies in sub-Saharan African colonies and their extended effects

Abstract:
 The possession of the countries of the African continent of many minerals and natural resources can be considered the most important reason that prompted European countries to compete in occupying these countries and plunder their wealth, in addition to the need for Europeans to find new markets to sell their products, especially after the industrial revolution that brought about a huge wave of production. It, in turn, made the major European countries go to Africa to strengthen their power and control, and to expand their spheres of influence. There was a fierce struggle for hegemony over Africa, and this struggle was rearranged among the European powers at the Berlin Conference of 18841885/.
Although Britain was not a pioneer in the field of European colonization of Africa, as it entered this field at the end of the eighteenth century, it became the most powerful colonial empire in Africa, and the most prominent competitor to French colonialism, and therefore was called “the empire on which the sun never sets”.
 Despite the well-known imperialist and exploitative motives, the British colonial propaganda claimed that there is an important civilized responsibility and message that the British should spread in the African colonies and that the condition of those colonies has become much better in the colonial era than it used to be once before.
 According to this, the importance of this topic comes to discuss the policies that Britain pursued in its sub-Saharan African colonies and the effects of those policies on various levels, either politically, economically, socially, on health levels, and educationally. This research attempts to answer a major question: Did Britain really seek to advance the African colonies south of the Sahara? This question stems from some questions, including Did the British policies serve the conditions of the African colonies, or did they persevere in serving their imperial goals? What are the effects of this on those colonies during the colonial era? Finally, what are the repercussions of those imperial policies following the independence of the African colonies?