African Identity between Pan-Africanism and Kemetism

Abstract:
 Africa has witnessed throughout its modern history the emergence of diverse intellectual and cultural movements that seek to redefine African history and the African person and attempt to interpret the present in light of this definition. Among these movements, we find Pan-Africanism and Kemetism, two currents that differ in their vision and strategies, despite their shared goal of achieving the unity of the African continent and strengthening its identity.
Pana-Africanism, which emerged within the framework of the struggle against colonialism, seeks to unify African peoples and their descendants in the diaspora based on political and economic solidarity. In contrast, Kemetism is based on drawing inspiration from the ancient civilizational legacy of Africa, especially the civilization of ancient Egypt (Kemet).
This study reviews the difference between the two movements, in terms of their intellectual origins and objectives, and how each of them contributed to shaping modern African consciousness while highlighting the influence of each of them in the political and cultural arena on the continent, through two axes: First: Pan-Africanism, its significance, origin, history, and the most important ideas, theses, and manifestations of influence. Second: Kemetism, its significance, origin, history, and the most important ideas, theses, and manifestations of influence.