{"id":737,"date":"2023-07-01T15:51:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T12:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/?post_type=article&#038;p=737"},"modified":"2026-09-15T14:43:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T11:43:36","slug":"shadow-economy-and-its-role-in-achieving-economic-development-in-sub-saharan-africa","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/article\/shadow-economy-and-its-role-in-achieving-economic-development-in-sub-saharan-africa","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a1b15d37 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:300\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f:<\/strong> 57, \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023<br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: 2634-131X<strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 19<strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>74-85<strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong>: \u062f. \u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<br><a 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href=\"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644-\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627-\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"945\" src=\"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644-\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627-\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-715\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644-\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627-\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.jpg 650w, https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644-\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627-\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding: 15px 15px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Tajawal-Regular', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 50px;\"><a name=\"abstract\"><\/a>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Tajawal-Regular', sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\"><br \/><\/bdo>\n\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b 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