{"id":661,"date":"2023-01-01T13:31:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T10:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/?post_type=article&p=661"},"modified":"2026-09-22T12:27:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T09:27:48","slug":"africa-and-fall-into-the-trap-of-debt","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/article\/africa-and-fall-into-the-trap-of-debt","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f:<\/strong> 55, \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2023
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: 2634-131X
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 19
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>76-89
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong>: \u062f. \u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/a>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/strong>
<\/bdo>\n\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u2014\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u2014\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u2014\u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.\n\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u062e \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b.\n\n\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2063.\n<\/span><\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pages: 76-89<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[40,277,278,276,32],"issuem_issue":[267],"coauthors":[453],"class_list":["post-661","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-covid-19","tag-creditor-countries","tag-debt-interest","tag-external-debt","tag-sub-saharan-africa","issuem_issue-issue-55-january-2023"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=661"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4607,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/661\/revisions\/4607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=661"},{"taxonomy":"issuem_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issuem_issue?post=661"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}