الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 6-19
المؤلف: Dr.Abdul Rahman Khalifa Gallo – Malian
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206701
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
    There was an immense importance of the indexes and bibliographies of scholars in West Africa during the 11th-13th centuries AH in disseminating Islamic sciences through unbroken chains of narrators, and despite their being the best means of preserving the chain of transmission and narrators that is a characteristic of the Muslim community, and their significant contribution to revealing aspects of the history of the region’s intellectual and cultural movement, despite all of that, the study of these indexes, in particular, has become something that many contemporary scholars have overlooked and have not given much attention to.
   The study of bibliographies and indexes among West African scholars represents a fundamental step in understanding the region›s scientific and intellectual heritage. These bibliographies provide primary sources that reveal the movement of scholars and the dissemination of knowledge. They also contribute to tracing the networks of scholarly education and religious authorizations between traditional centers of learning such as Timbuktu, Djenné, Chinguetti, and Kano. Furthermore, they aid in reconstructing local scientific history, highlighting the cultural and intellectual value of West African scholars and their role in transmitting Islamic knowledge across generations.
  Accordingly, this study takes the bibliographies of some of the region›s leading scholars as a research problem to identify their contributions and added value to the development of bibliographic classification in the Islamic world. This is achieved through explanation, analysis, and description, presented in the following sections:
Section 1: The concept of bibliographies and their importance in education and historical documentation in West Africa.
Section 2: The interest of West African scholars in bibliographies during the transmission of knowledge.
Section 3: The interest of West African scholars in classification within bibliographies, their motivations, types, and methods of arrangement.
 

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 20-43
المؤلف: Dr.Badawi Riad Abel Samea – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206702
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     The era of modern European colonialism in Africa constituted a theater for systematic collective violence, which in numerous instances escalated to the level of ‹massacre› and ‹genocide.› These massacres were neither isolated incidents nor collateral damage of a hegemonic project; rather, they were fundamentally instrumental mechanisms for imposing control, subjugating resistance, exploiting resources, and implementing racist ideologies that deemed African lives expendable in pursuit of imperialist ambitions. Consequently, they represent instruments of colonialism that produced diverse and enduring impacts and scars.
Collective violence constitutes the cornerstone of the structure of the European colonial project in Africa. This violence was not merely an incidental instrument of control; rather, it was a systematic strategy for imposing hegemony and restructuring African societies to serve the interests of colonial powers. Analyzing this phenomenon requires deconstructing the interwoven dimensions of its causes, patterns, and the protracted catastrophic effects it engendered.
This paper aims to analyze the crime of mass massacres and deconstruct this complex phenomenon as an integral component of the colonial system’s structure, by identifying its interwoven motivations, recurrent patterns, and its enduring legacy that extends to the present day.

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 44-59
المؤلف: Dr. Mostafa Shafeq Allam – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206703
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     The study examined the impacts of cyberterrorism on national security in the African continent by analyzing the dimensions of the relationship between national security and cybersecurity, monitoring cybersecurity indicators according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and assessing the risks of cyberterrorism in Africa. It then reviewed strategies for combating cyberterrorism on the continent before turning to an exploration of the future of African national security in light of the increasing cyberterrorism threats facing Africa. The study revealed that African countries suffer from weak cyber legal frameworks, fragile technical measures despite development efforts, the absence of effective regulatory mechanisms, weak cyber capacity building, and limited cyber cooperation both within and beyond the continent.
   Africa faces numerous risks in this context, most notably the rising rates of cybercrime, cyberterrorist targeting of critical infrastructure, terrorists’ exploitation of cyberspace for recruitment and propaganda, the use of cyberspace as a means of financing, and the growing reliance on alternative communication networks and remote-control technologies to evade government surveillance. Awareness of the dangers of cyberterrorism has increased across Africa, prompting states to improve legal frameworks and strengthen external cooperation to combat cyberterrorism, adopt approaches aimed at enhancing societal and institutional awareness of this form of terrorism, and employ artificial intelligence to counter cyberterrorism in Africa.
   In this context, the importance of the African Union and regional groupings—such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the East African Community (EAC)—is evident in building regional cybersecurity strategies, facilitating data exchange, and leading joint action. These efforts help mitigate cyberterrorism risks facing vulnerable states on the continent, enhance Africa’s community-based security capabilities, and integrate African countries into a unified and comprehensive preventive defense line to confront cybersecurity threats at all levels.

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 60-71
المؤلف: Rabie Abu Zamil – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206704
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     Since the 1990s “democratic transition” in Sub-Saharan Africa, multiparty elections have become widespread; however, their outcomes reveal recurring patterns that transcend individual cases, pointing to the consolidation of “electoral authoritarianism,” whereby the formal structure of elections is maintained while their competitive substance is hollowed out and used mainly to legitimize or monopolize power.
This paper examines the impact of the 2025 presidential and legislative elections held in twelve Sub-Saharan African countries on the trajectory of democratic transition, asking whether these electoral experiences entrenched “electoral authoritarianism” in states still in transition. It adopts an electoral authoritarianism framework, employing comparative case studies and quantitative and qualitative analyses of key indicators, including party pluralism, electoral violence, and institutional manipulation.
The paper concludes that the 2025 elections largely reinforced electoral authoritarianism in Sub-Saharan Africa, as they were conducted in constrained political environments that systematically weakened opposition forces through electoral violence, restricted freedoms, and institutional manipulation to secure regime survival or loyal parliamentary majorities. These elections also deepened trends of dynastic succession, power entrenchment, and the legitimization of military coups, alongside cases of limited democratic transition, which nonetheless represent a modest but meaningful hope for advancing genuine democratic change and respecting popular will.
 

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 72-89
المؤلف: Dr.Gihan Abdel Salam – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206705
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the aviation industry in Africa, recognizing it as a vital sector that supports economic development and regional integration. Although the continent accounts for a limited share of global air traffic, the sector holds significant growth potential, driven by demographic shifts, the expansion of the middle class, increased demand for travel and cargo, and regional initiatives aimed at liberalizing airspace and enhancing connectivity. 
The study highlights the economic contribution of the aviation sector, estimated at approximately USD 75 billion and 8.1 million jobs, and its role in supporting trade, tourism, and investment. It also identifies the factors that make the sector a developmental priority, including the projected high growth in passenger numbers, the expansion of e-commerce, the rise of low-cost carriers, and growing investments in airport infrastructure. On the other hand, the industry faces complex structural challenges, including weak infrastructure, high operating costs, poor governance and management, limited intra-African connectivity, regulatory disparities between countries, and pressures related to environmental sustainability. The study also emphasizes the shortage of skilled aviation personnel, which limits the sector’s capacity for expansion and development.
The study reviews the experiences of leading African countries—such as Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and Rwanda—that have successfully built more competitive aviation systems through investment in modern fleets, airport development, enhanced maintenance capabilities, and improved institutional and regulatory frameworks. It also analyzes regional efforts to strengthen the sector, including the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) initiative and African Aviation Summits, which play a role in harmonizing policies, regulating air traffic, and promoting economic integration across the continent.
The study concludes that maximizing the benefits of Africa’s aviation sector requires adopting comprehensive reform policies, including improving governance, developing infrastructure, updating regulatory frameworks, supporting innovation and digitalization, enhancing environmental sustainability, and strengthening regional and international partnerships. It emphasizes that investment in aviation represents a strategic pillar for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Africa’s Agenda 2063, serving as a key driver for connectivity and economic growth across the continent.

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 90-103
المؤلف: Prof. Sobhy Ramadan Farag Saad – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206706
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     Approximately 23% of the world›s poor population live in sub-Saharan Africa, most of whom depend on livestock and, consequently, grazing lands. However, the region›s rangelands have been declining at an alarming rate in recent years due to desertification, climate change, and the conversion of large areas into agricultural and urban land. This threatens many traditional grazing systems that have been practiced for centuries. Conflicts over natural resources in Africa revolve around resource use and management, and these conflicts arise when interests and needs clash or when the priorities of certain user groups are disregarded. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the intensity of these conflicts, which, if left unaddressed, can escalate into violence, leading to environmental degradation, disrupting development projects, and undermining livelihoods. This article addresses several key questions: first, the extent to which climate change and geopolitical and social factors contribute to the outbreak and escalation of conflicts related to grazing; second, the spatial dimensions and dynamics of conflict hotspots in the region and the factors influencing them; and third, strategies for rangeland rehabilitation and restoration, as well as mechanisms for mitigating related conflicts. The article recommended maintaining the health and productivity of rangelands as the main approach to reducing related conflicts, implementing drought risk management practices, developing mechanisms for managing natural resources in grazing areas and resolving conflicts, and promoting sustainable pastoral livelihoods.

الناشر: مجلة قراءات إفريقية
العدد: 67, January 2026
الترقيم الدولي: 2634-131X
السنة: 22
الصفحات: 104-115
المؤلف: Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Sobhi Elsayed Ghandar – Egypt
DOI: 10.64665/qirat.2026.2206707
تنزيل pdf

ملخص:
     Islamic architecture is a mirror reflecting the cultural interaction between doctrinal constants and environmental and geographical variables. Islamic civilization did not impose a rigid architectural style, but rather presented a flexible framework that absorbed local cultures and reformulated them with an Islamic spirit. West Africa stands out as one of the most important regions that witnessed a unique fusion between local architecture based on mud and organic materials, and the functional and spiritual requirements of Islamic structures, resulting in a distinctive architectural style.
    Despite the visual and technical richness of this style, studies that address the geometric and structural analysis of this architecture still need further development and expansion. This study aims to shed light on the architectural components in the West Africa region, specifically in the cities of Timbuktu and Djenné in the Republic of Mali. This research provides an overview of Islamic architecture in Western Sudan, from the early days of Islam›s arrival there until the mid-20th century, and how the characteristics of the ancient and medieval periods of local history in these regions were reflected in the architecture.
     The article addresses the topic through the following analytical axes:

      Axis One: General features and characteristics of Islamic architecture in Western Sudan.

      Axis Two: Architectural origins of the Islamic architectural style in the Western Sudan region.

      Axis Three: Architectural examples (the Great Mosque of Djenné).