{"id":1767,"date":"2022-01-13T11:00:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-13T11:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/?p=1767"},"modified":"2022-01-13T11:00:03","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T11:00:03","slug":"africans-and-african-americans-would-honour-martin-luther-king-by-rekindling-their-bonds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/1767\/africans-and-african-americans-would-honour-martin-luther-king-by-rekindling-their-bonds\/","title":{"rendered":"Africans and African-Americans would honour Martin Luther King by rekindling their bonds"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Julius A. Amin<\/a>*<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

During an official visit to Washington DC in 1962, Cameroon\u2019s founding President Ahmadou Ahidjo informed President John F. Kennedy of his\u00a0displeasure over anti-black racism in the US<\/a>. Ahidjo met and\u00a0praised<\/a>\u00a0the leadership of the\u00a0National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)<\/a>, the oldest African American civil rights organisation, for its willingness to unite with Africa \u201cin a world-wide movement to fight against the evils of racial discrimination, injustice, racial prejudices, and hatred\u201d.<\/p>\n

He later\u00a0wrote that<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Each time a black man [and woman] is humiliated anywhere in the world, all Negroes the world over are hurt.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

President Ahidjo called for a united front between Africans and African-Americans to confront anti-black racism.<\/p>\n

He was not the first postcolonial African leader to make such a request. Ghana\u2019s founding President Kwame Nkrumah\u2019s\u00a0Pan-Africanism<\/a>\u00a0was a message about black upliftment and unity, and his close ally, Sekou Tour\u00e9 of Guinea,\u00a0advocated similar objectives<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Those calls for a crusade against anti-black racism were deeply rooted in the best of African nationalism.<\/p>\n

On the other side of the Atlantic, calls for collaboration to end racism were also taking place. A leading proponent of that message was the\u00a0Rev. Martin Luther King Jr<\/a>. He and many in his generation rejected the negative proscriptions of Africa, and called for Africans and African Americans to join forces in the anti-racism crusade.<\/p>\n

They\u00a0spoke fondly<\/a>\u00a0of their roots in Africa:<\/p>\n

we are descendants of the Africans\u2026\u201cour heritage is Africa. We should never seek to break the ties, nor should the Africans.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Africans and African-Americans must rekindle the spirit of collaboration and cooperation which existed among black nationalists over half a century ago to counter the rising tide of anti-black racism in the US. It was a relationship which came with mutual political, economic, and cultural benefits.<\/p>\n

I am a scholar of modern African history with particular emphasis on Africa-US relations and have\u00a0published extensively in the field<\/a>. My\u00a0latest publication<\/a>, on Cameroon-US relations, among other things, addresses the importance of the collaboration between Africans and African Americans to uplift Black people.<\/p>\n

King\u2019s eyeopening visit to Ghana<\/strong><\/p>\n

King\u2019s knowledge of Africa evolved slowly, and was initially peppered with the usual beliefs of African backwardness. But a trip to Ghana was transformative. In 1957, President Kwame Nkrumah\u00a0invited him to his country\u2019s independence ceremony<\/a>.<\/p>\n

King honoured the invitation. During the ceremony King \u201dstarted weeping\u2026 crying for joy<\/a>\u201c when the British flag was replaced with the Ghanaian flag. He spoke endlessly about the endurance, determination, and courage of the African people. The anti-colonial struggle in Ghana mirrored what was taking place all over Africa.<\/p>\n

Later, King\u00a0noted<\/a>\u00a0that Ghana\u2019s independence<\/p>\n

will have worldwide implication and repercussions \u2014 not only for Asia and Africa, but also for America.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This gave African Americans new insights about the anti-colonial struggle.<\/p>\n

Increasingly, King saw parallels between the anti-colonial movement in Africa and the civil rights struggle in the US. In his sermon, \u201dThe Birth of a new nation<\/a>\u201c, he stated that the Ghana example reinforced his belief that an<\/p>\n

oppressor never voluntarily gives freedom to the oppressed.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

He added that nonviolence was an effective tactic against oppression. European colonialism of Africa and segregation in America were both “systems of evil\u201d, he wrote, and\u00a0summoned all to work to defeat them<\/a>.<\/p>\n

African nationalism meets US civil rights movement<\/strong><\/p>\n

While racial segregation remained entrenched in America, the tide of independence was changing quickly in Africa. In 1960, 17 African\u00a0nations gained independence<\/a>. They took their anti-racism message to the United Nations, where they chastised the US for its failure to stop anti-black racism.<\/p>\n

African representatives in the US were often victims of American racism. Given the\u00a0Cold War<\/a>, US Secretary of State Dean Rusk stated that one of America\u2019s major Cold War problems was the continuous anti-black racism in the country.<\/p>\n

After Nigeria, King increasingly spoke of a sense of urgency. In his article, \u201cThe Time for Freedom has Come<\/a>\u201d, he praised the independence movement in Africa while blasting the slow pace of change in the US. He referred to the independence movement in Africa as the<\/p>\n

greatest single international influence on American Negro students.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

African nationalists such as Nnamdi Azikiwe, Tom Mboya, Hastings Banda were \u201cpopular heroes on most Negro college campuses\u201d, King stated. He\u00a0urged<\/a>\u00a0African governments to do more to support the civil rights struggle of \u201ctheir brothers [and sisters] in the US\u201d.<\/p>\n

In addition, newspapers in several African nations used the treatment of African Americans to question the role of America as the\u00a0leader of the \u201cfree world\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ebb and flow<\/strong><\/p>\n

King and his contemporaries took seriously the partnership with Africa. African American leaders, activists, and scholars alike turned to Africa for inspiration. For example,\u00a0WEB Du Bois<\/a>, whose credentials included being co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Pan-African movement, relocated to Ghana.\u00a0Stokely Carmichael<\/a>\u00a0(Kwame Ture), who introduced the Black Power concept in the civil rights movement settled in Guinea. Many others immigrated to Africa.<\/p>\n

Poet and civil rights activist Maya Angelou was transformed by the African experience.\u00a0She wrote<\/a>:<\/p>\n

For it is Africa that struts around in our rounded calves, wiggles around in our protruding butts, and crackles in our wide and frank laugh.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The 1960s and 1970s were decades of remarkable collaboration and cooperation between Africans and African-Americans.<\/p>\n

American political leaders took note of the collaboration between Africans and African-Americans. President John F. Kennedy, the first American president to treat Africa with respect, created a more informed US foreign policy towards African nations \u2013 in part\u00a0to woo the support of African-Americans in elections<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kennedy\u2019s policy was later abandoned by his successors \u2013 some of whom reverted to referring to Africans as \u201ccannibals<\/a>\u201d and \u201cgenetically inferior<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Those new policies coincided with a deep level of ignorance about Africans by African-Americans and vice-versa. And little effort was made by each side to bridge the gap. African Americans increasingly saw Africans through a stereotypical lens invented by the western society to justify colonialism and slavery.<\/p>\n

In turn, Africans accepted uncritically America\u2019s\u00a0mainstream society\u2019s labels of African Americans<\/a>. The type of relations and advocacy forged by King\u2019s generation had evaporated.<\/p>\n

Looking ahead<\/strong><\/p>\n

But the tide may be changing. There was renewed interest following the release of the movie Black Panther which showed blacks as capable, determined, and\u00a0possessed civilisation<\/a>. Following the murder of\u00a0George Floyd<\/a>\u00a0in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the African Union publicly condemned America for its continuous racism against blacks.<\/p>\n

The spokesperson Ebba Kalondo\u00a0issued<\/a>\u00a0a strong condemnation of<\/p>\n

the continuing discriminatory practices against Black citizens of the United States of America.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kalondo demanded a full investigation of the killing.<\/p>\n

This new position may rekindle the spirit of cooperation and collaboration which characterised the King era. A major part of ending anti-black racism in the US is to learn about the role Africa played in shaping the idea of the west and\u00a0Africa\u2019s contributions to global civilizations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

That knowledge will implode centuries-old myths of Africa\u2019s backwardness and incapability. It is up to African Americans to champion that conversation in university classrooms and many other public spaces.<\/p>\n

Finally, what King said about Africa as full of \u201crich opportunities\u201d, inviting African Americans to \u201clend their technical assistance\u201d to a rising continent remains as true today as it was when he said it nearly 60 years ago.<\/p>\n

The failure to do so has increasingly ceded the ground to other actors\u00a0who continue to exploit the continent<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/p>\n

*Professor, Department of History, University of Dayton<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Julius A. Amin* During an official visit to Washington DC in 1962, Cameroon\u2019s founding President Ahmadou Ahidjo informed President John F. Kennedy of his\u00a0displeasure over anti-black racism in the US. Ahidjo met and\u00a0praised\u00a0the leadership of the\u00a0National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the oldest African American civil rights organisation, for its willingness […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":31,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"The Conversation","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"1","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,5],"tags":[232,145,233],"class_list":["post-1767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-opinion","tag-africans-and-african-americans","tag-martin-luther-king","tag-pan-africanism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}